NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) scientists, along with University of Bristol colleagues, have identified a new blood group, MAL, solving a 50-year-old mystery. The discovery explains the genetic basis of the rare AnWj antigen, which has puzzled researchers since its identification in 1972.
Some individuals lack the AnWj antigen due to inherited factors or illness. This discovery will enable better identification and treatment for patients with this rare condition. If AnWj-negative patients receive AnWj-positive blood, they could experience transfusion complications, making this finding crucial for safe blood transfusions.
Researchers found that the AnWj antigen is carried on the Mal protein, present in over 99.9% of people. This breakthrough allows the development of genotyping tests to identify AnWj-negative individuals and prevent transfusion risks. The study was published in Blood, the journal of the American Society of Hematology.
Senior Research Scientist Louise Tilley described the discovery as the culmination of nearly two decades of work, significantly advancing patient care.
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